These are data collected on the biomass production of five multi-purpose tree species (Moringa oleifera Lam., Jatropha curcas L., Leucaena leucocephala Lam., Anacardium occidentale L., and Parkia biglobosa Jacq.) from an afforestation trial conducted in the semi-arid zone of Northern Benin during 2014 and 2015. Seedlings were planted in July 2014 and the data were collected at the end of the first rainy season (October-November 2014), the start (May 2015) and end of the second rainy season (September-October 2015).